Country Legal System Profiles
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Proelium Law’s Country Legal System Profiles provide an overview of the legal system, business sector and the country itself for countries deemed to be complex environments or high risk jurisdictions. We update our Country Profiles on a regular basis, however, if you have any specific queries please do get in touch at [email protected] and we will be happy to advise.
Togolese Republic Legal Profile
Learn more about the Togolese overview of the legal system, armed forces, and counter-terrorism measures in Togo. The country has faced challenges with corruption and violent extremism, leading to the establishment of government committees and partnerships with international allies. Efforts have also been made to strengthen border control and enhance intelligence capabilities.
Afghanistan Legal Profile
The legal system in Afghanistan is a mix of civil, customary (such as Pashtunwali) and Islamic Sharia law; the application of these depends on local acceptance of central legislation and state authority. The system is made up of the Constitution, state codes, state laws, decrees and regulations.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Legal Profile Report
The judicial system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is relatively slow in responding to corruption cases. The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina created a report, Trial Monitoring of Corruption Cases in BiH: A First Assessment. This is based on the observation of 67 completed corruption cases between January 2010 and September 2017.
Burundi Legal Profile
Burundi possesses a mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law. According to Article 48 of the constitution, the constitution forms the supreme law of the nation and all laws which are contrary to it are classed as ‘null and void.’
Colombia Legal Profile
The Colombian legal system is one of civil law. The Colombian hierarchy of laws is typical of civil law jurisdictions. The Constitution is the supreme national law and its provisions apply over any incompatibility between the Constitution and other legal regulations.
Egypt Legal Profile
Egypt’s legal system is constantly evolving and adapting to the changing political, economic, and social landscape of the country.
Ethiopia Legal Profile
The legal system in Ethiopia is based on a federal parliamentary republic, where the Prime Minister serves as the head of government and the President as the ceremonial head of state. The country’s judiciary is independent from the executive and legislature, although there have been concerns about its lack of deviation from government policy.
Guatemala Legal Profile
Guatemala has a civil law system. There is a clear legal hierarchy, with constitutional law forming the supreme law of Guatemala, followed by statutory law.
Guyana Legal Profile
Guyana is a blend of British common law and Roman-Dutch code. The constitution is the supreme law and the Caribbean Court of Justice is its final court of appeal. Despite efforts to combat corruption with legislation such as the State Asset Recovery Act, Witness Protection Act, and Protected Disclosures Act, Guyana ranks low in transparency and high in corruption. A shortage of staff and resources also hinder the effectiveness of the judiciary system. Overall, while steps have been taken towards government transparency, proper implementation and enforcement are needed for real progress to be made against corruption in Guyana.
Indonesia Legal Profile
Indonesia possesses a civil law system influenced by customary law.
Iran Legal Profile
Iran possesses a theological legal system, grounded in civil and Islamic law.
Iraq Legal Profile
Iraq’s legal system contains both civil law in the form of statutes and regulations and Sharia law. The Iraqi Constitution of 2005 is supreme and any legal text that contradicts the Constitution is ‘considered void’. It also acts as the guarantor of the unity of Iraq. Islam plays a key role within Iraq’s legal system
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